| Help:Link |
From GoGoTraffic
Hyperlinks allow users to move between pages. For some basic information about using hyperlinks, see Help:Editing#Links. There are three general types of hyperlinks recognized by MediaWiki, each with associated CSS formatting to distinguish them.
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External links
External links use absolute URLs to link directly to any webpage. These links have the associated CSS class "external". External links are in the form [http://www.example.org link name] (resulting in link name), with the link name separated from the URL by a space. Links without link names will be numbered: [http://www.example.org] becomes [1]. Links with no square brackets will be displayed in their entirety: http://www.example.org .
Unlike in the case of internal links, [http://www.example.org a]s gives as.
See URLs in external links for more detailed information.
Special:Linksearch finds all pages linking to a given site.
External links to the same project
External links are often used to use special URL parameters in links. This allows links directly to the edit history of a page, to a page in edit view, a diff of two versions, et cetera. They can also be used to create a navigational image.
However, the use of external links to link to a normal page on the same project is not recommended. These links benefit from none of the features of a wikilink, and may break the web of links when the content is exported to another domain.
Arrow icon
Monobook skin produces an arrow icon after every external link. This can be suppressed with class="plainlinks":
Section linking (anchors)
Links in the form [[#anchor_name]] will link to any anchor named "anchor_name" on the page. This may be either a heading named "anchor_name", or an arbitrary position. [[#top]] is a reserved name that links to the top of a page. It is possible to create an arbitrary anchor name using the HTML code <span id="anchor_name"></span>.
Anchor links can also be appended to any type of link; for more information, see Help:Section#Section_linking.
Problems with page name conversion
Note that if the page name is automatically converted (for example, from "/wiki/main Page" to "/wiki/Main Page"), the section link will still work but will disappear from the address bar. As a consequence, this will make it more difficult to bookmark the section itself. This is not applicable for wikilinks, because the conversions have already taken place on Preview or Save of the referring page.
For example, consider http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:how_to_edit_a_page#Links_and_URLs. In this case, the anchor part of the address will disappear because the "how" will be converted to "How".
Redirects with section links
A redirect to a page section does not go to the section. However, one can add the section anyway as a clarification, and it will work if the redirect is manually clicked from the redirect page. However, links with a section to a redirect will lead to the section on the redirect's page.
Subpage feature
MediaWiki has a subpage feature, although activation depends on project and namespace. If activated, the following applies (if not, "A/b" is just a page with that name).
A tree structure of pages is established by using forward slashes in pagenames: A/b is a child of A, hence A is a parent of A/b; also A/b/c is a child of A/b; A/a, A/b, and A/c are siblings.
At the top of the subpage body links to all ancestor pages are shown automatically, without any corresponding wikitext. The links show up even if the parent page does not exist, but the sequence of ancestors stops before any non-existing ancestor page (e.g., if the grandparent page does not exist, the parent page is not shown either). Like most letters of a page name, the first letter after the slash is case-sensitive; "/subpage" and "/Subpage" are different pages.
What links here and Related changes ignore these automatic links.
Relative links
Relative links still work if all pages of a tree are renamed according a name change of the root, including making it a child of a new root.
Inside a subpage hierarchy the following relative links can be used:
- [[../]] links to the parent of the current subpage, e.g., on A/b it links to A, on A/b/c it links to A/b.
- [[../s]] links to a sibling of the current subpage, e.g., on A/b, it links to A/s.
- [[/s]] links to a subpage, e.g. on A it is the same as [[A/s]].
User space
Subpages of a user page ([[User:Username/Subpage]]) are considered to be in that user's "user space". Rules are often relaxed in a user's own subpages, whereas they are typically tightened for a user editing another user's subpages.
Unintended subpage structure
Any slash in a pagename causes a subpage structure, e.g. Subpage demo Season 2006/2007 is a subpage of "Subpage demo Season 2006". As long as the latter does not exist, this has no effect on the former, However, a page with a slash in its name cannot be the root page of a subpage structure. For example, Subpage demo Season 2006/2007 /soccer does not show its parent, because its unintended grandparent does not exist. A dummy grandparent page can fix this.
Subpage activation
Wikipedia has this feature activated in all talk namespaces and the user and project namespace. The Meta-Wiki also has it in the main namespace. The default is set in DefaultSettings.php[2]. As of revision 1.21, the following namespaces have it activated by default: Special, Main talk, User and User_talk, Meta_talk, and Image_talk. Settings per project are changed in LocalSettings.php[3].
Miscellaneous
Linking to a page with images
It is possible to use images as links to other pages. For more information, see use an image as a link to a page.
"Hover box" on links
On some browsers, holding the cursor over link will show a hover box containing the text of the link's HTML title attribute. MediaWiki sets this to the target page name (without the possible section indication) if it's a wikilink, the page name with prefix if it's an interwiki link, and the URL if it's an external link.
This can be switched off in the user preferences. The browser may also show similar info, but with the possible section indication, in the address bar.
For these effects a piped link is useful even if it not followed; for example, for displaying the meaning of an acronym (e.g. NPOV) or any other remark. It is possible to produce a hover box without a link.
Disallowed characters
In internal and interwiki link style, a plus sign in a page name is not allowed, the HTML and hence the rendered page just shows the wikitext, e.g. [[a+b]]. In external link style a plus sign in the URL is retained. It is often equivalent with a space. See also below.
In accordance with the rules explained in Help:Page name, conversions are automatically made to non-literal characters in wiki and interwiki links. For example, "[[Help:Page%20name]]" becomes "Help:Page name". However, the opposite is true for external links; literal characters are converted into non-literal characters. For example, most browsers will convert ".../wiki/!" to ".../wiki/%21".
A code like %70 in a redirect disables it, although the link works from the redirect page. For a redirect that works, the redirect page shows the canonical form of the target, unlike its preview page, which renders the link in the usual way.
Special pipe syntax
Using an empty pipe syntax on wiki and interwiki links will hide interwiki prefixes and parentheses. For example, [[w:Mercury (planet)|]] becomes Mercury. This pipe syntax should only be used where the unqualified reference is not ambiguous, such as in an article about the solar system. See Help:Piped link.
Additional effects of links
- Related changes
- Backlinks
- Date format
- Using a space after the pipe syntax ([[Main page| ]]) produces (perhaps depending on the browser) a space only, not a link (" "), but it is treated as a link for the "what links here" feature.
Links from a page
With query the links from page pagename, sorted by namespace, and for each namespace alphabetically, are given by {{SERVER}}{{SCRIPTPATH}}/query.php?what=links&titles=pagename , e.g. http://www.gogotraffic.com/Wiki/query.php?what=links&titles=Help:Link .
